In some circles the dumb network is regarded as a natural culmination of technological progress in network technology. With the justification that the dumb network uniquely satisfies the requirements of the end to end principle for application creation, supporters see the dumb network as uniquely qualified for this purpose. In reality the dumb network is only one position in a continuum of network design. Its attributes are suitable for the creation of certain types of network applications but are considered deleterious for others.

A dumb network, by design, is not sensitive to the needs of applications. The dumb network model can, in some ways, allow for flexibility and ease of innovation in the development of applications that is not matched by other models.

Critics of dumb network architecture posit two arguments in favor of “intelligent” networks. The first, that certain users and transmission needs of certain applications are more important than others and thus should be granted greater network priority. An example is that of real time video applications that are more time sensitive than say, text applications. Thus video transmissions would receive network priority to prevent picture skips, while text transmissions could be delayed with few if any problems affecting its application performance. The second is that networks should be able to defend against attacks by malware and other bad actors.

Advocates of dumb networks counter the first argument by pointing out that prioritizing network traffic is very expensive, both in monetary and network performance terms; also, advocates consider this a bandwidth problem and not a network protocol issue. The security argument is that malware is an end-to-end problem and thus should be dealt with at the endpoints, and that attempting to adapt the network to counter attacks is both cumbersome, inefficient.

The dumb network (and the end to end principle) was conceived of as an antithesis to the idea of a centralized intelligent computer network in which all applications were under central network control. A synthesis is taking place in the concept application aware networks or as they are sometimes called context aware networks. These networks allow intelligent devices to set up end to end applications as in the dumb network. However they are aware of application needs and in the social and enterprise context in which the applications are being used. Thus the network can make decisions on resource allocation conflicts in light of the collective needs of all users and the purposes (social and enterprise) that guide them.

General organisations

• World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
• African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO)
• Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle (OAPI) or African Intellectual Property Organization

Specialized organisations

Patent offices

Patent-related organisations

• European Patent Organisation (EPO or EPOrg)
• Eurasian Patent Organization (EAPO)
• Patent Office of the Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)

Trademark- and design-related organisations

• Office for Harmonization in the Internal Market (OHIM)
• Benelux Office for Intellectual Property (BOIP)

Think tanks, institutes, non-profit and professional organizations

• AHRC Research Centre for Studies in Intellectual Property and Technology Law (SCRIPT)
• Alliance for American Innovation (AAIUSA)
• American Intellectual Property Law Association (AIPLA)
• Arab Society for Intellectual Property (ASIP)

• Centre for International Industrial Property Studies (CEIPI)
• Center for Intellectual Property Studies (CIP)
• Center for Patent Policy (CPP)
• Chartered Institute of Patent Attorneys (CIPA)

• European Federation of Industrial Property Agents in Industry (FEMIPI)
• European Intellectual Property Institutes Network (EIPIN)
• European Patent Institute (epi)
• European Patent Lawyers Association (EPLAW)

• German Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property (GRUR e. V.)

• Institute of Patentees and Inventors
• Intellectual Property Institute (IP Institute)
• Intellectual Property Owners Association (IPO)
• International Association for the Advancement of Teaching and Research in Intellectual Property (ATRIP)
• International Association for the Protection of Industrial Property (AIPPI)
• International Federation of Intellectual Property Attorneys (FICPI)
• International Intellectual Property Alliance (IIPA)
• International Intellectual Property Institute (IIPI)
• International Trademark Association (INTA)
• InventorEd (InvEd)
• Inventors Network of the Capital Area (INCA)

• Japan Intellectual Property Association (JIPA)

• Licensing Executives Society International (LESI or LES Int.)

• Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property, Competition and Tax Law
• Munich Intellectual Property Law Center (MIPLC)

• National Association of Patent Practitioners (NAPP)

• Patent Office Practioners Association (POPA)
• Patent Information Users Group (PIUG)
• Professional Inventors Alliance (PIAUSA)
• Public Patent Foundation (PUBPAT)

• Queen Mary Intellectual Property Research Institute

• The Intellectual Property Lawyers’ Organisation (TIPLO)
• Trade Marks, Patents and Designs Federation (TMPDF)

• UNION of European Practitioners in Intellectual Property (UNION or UEPIP)
• Universities Allied for Essential Medicines (UAEM)

Anti-patent organizations

• Patent Commons
• Pirate Party

Former organisations

• International Patent Institute (IIB)
• The United States Patent Association
• United International Bureaux for the Protection of Intellectual Property (BIRPI)

See also

• Intellectual property
• List of organizations
• Patent attorney
• Patent examiner

List of patent offices

For a list of patent offices and their websites, please see this list maintained by WIPO.

The entries shown in italics are regional or international patent offices.

• African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO)
• IP Australia (IPA)
• Canadian Intellectual Property Office (CIPO)
• Eurasian Patent Organization (EAPO)
• European Patent Office (EPO)
• German Patent Office (DPMA)
• Indian Patent Office
• Japan Patent Office (JPO)
• Netherlands Patent Office
• Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle (OAPI)
• UK Intellectual Property Office (UK-IPO)
• United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO)
• World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
• State Intellectual Property Office of the People’s Republic of China (SIPO)

List of past patent offices or the like

• Confederate Patent Office
• Goskomizobretenie (Soviet patent office)
• International Patent Institute

See also

• Patent
• List of patent legal concepts
• List of people associated with patent law
• Intellectual property organisation

External links

• Directory of Intellectual Property Offices (incl. Patent Offices) on the WIPO web site

General Motors used the 3500 as RPO MG5.

Gear ratios:

Applications:

• 2004–2005 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 and 2500
• 2004–2005 GMC Sierra 1500 and 2500
•  ????-2004 Jeep Liberty

See also

• List of NVG transmissions

With last note priority, notes are prioritized based on the order they are played in. When new notes are triggered while all voices are playing, the synthesizer frees up polyphony by ending the notes played least recently. This is the default mode on most synthesizers.

With first note priority, earlier notes are not cut off to make room for later ones, and once maximum polyphony has been reached, the person playing the instrument must stop playing one or more notes in order to trigger new ones.

In highest note priority, new notes that are higher in pitch than ones being already played replace currently playing notes from the lowest on up.

Lowest note priority works in the same way, but cutting notes from the highest down.

The British legal action to protect animals began with the passing of the Cruel Treatment of Cattle Act 1822 to Prevent Cruel and Improper Treatment of Cattle. The Rights of Persons, According to the Text of Blackstone: Incorporating the Alterations Down to the Present Time, Sir William Blackstone and James Stewart, 1839, p.79The 1835 Act amended the existing legislation to include (as ‘cattle’) bulls, dogs, bears and sheep, to prohibit bear-baiting and cockfighting, which facilitated further legislation to protect animals, create shelters, veterinary hospitals and more humane transportation and slaughter. It did not extend protection to wild animals.

The law was passed in part due to lobbying by the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (found in 1824).

The Act was repealed and replaced by the Cruelty to Animals Act 1849 12 & 13 Vict. c. 92.

References

• Animal Experimentation: A Guide to the Issues Vaughan Monamy, Cambridge University Press

External links

• “Rational Recreation” and the Law: The Transformation of Popular Urban Leisure in Victorian England by Rachel Vorspan

The term of a patent or specific “claims” in a patent may also be curtailed by judgment of a court, as where a claim or patent is held “invalid” under the relevant law, and thus no longer enforceable.

Significant international harmonization of patent term across national laws was provided in the 1990s by the implementation of the WTO’s Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs Agreement). Article 33 of the TRIPs Agreement
provides that the

“The term of protection available [for patents] shall not end before the expiration of a period of twenty years counted from the filing date.”

Consequently, in most patent laws nowadays, the term of patent is 20 years from the filing date of the application. This however does not forbid the states party to the WTO from providing, in their national law, other type of patent-like rights with shorter terms. Utility models are an example of such rights. Their term is usually 6 or 10 years.

In the United States, under current patent law, for patents filed on or after June 8, 1995, the term of the patent is 20 years from the earliest claimed filing date. For patents filed prior to June 8, 1995, the term of patent is either 20 years from the earliest claimed filing date or 17 years from the issue date, whichever is longer. Extensions may also be had for various administrative delays. (See: Term of patent in the United States). The exact date of termination may be zealously litigated, especially where daily profits from a patent amount to millions of dollars, e.g., pharmaceuticals.

Other types of patents may have varying terms. For example, in the U.S., design patents (based on a decorative, non-functional design) typically have a 14-year term.

The term of patent protection may also be affected by specific multi-lateral, international agreements. Protection of patents issued in European Union countries were only enforced for three years (until 1995) against pharmaceuticals manufactured in Spain (and cheaply available). Prior to its Treaty of Accession, Spain did not offer patent protection for pharmaceutical products.

Term extensions

If the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) delays the issuance of a patent, it is possible to receive extensions. This may result in patents being issued for periods longer than 20 years. The reasons for extensions include:

• Delayed response to an application request for patent.
• Exceeding 3 years to consider a patent application.
• Delays due to a secrecy order or appeal.

It is possible to receive time extensions equal to the amount of delay.

References

• USPTO - Patent Term
• USPTO - Adjustment of patent term.
• How long is a patent good for

See also

• Maintenance fee
• Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, provides what is called the “priority year”
• Provisional patent application
• Submarine patent
• Supplementary protection certificate (SPC), provides a limited time extension to the protection conferred by certain patents in the European Union

External links

• Patent number 213992
• HBDHistoryAndPop

(It may be better to search by using 00213992).

The site contains some instructions which specify that the search term must consist of seven numbers, i. e., 0213992.

The clade includes, roughly speaking, those species that in the Cronquist system were referred to the Hamamelididae and Rosidae and quite a few from the Dilleniidae. The name “rosids” (plural, not necessarily capitalized) is presumably inspired by the botanical name, but in itself is intended to be the name of a clade rather than a formal ranked name, in the sense of the ICBN.

It comprises (starting with basal groups):

• clade rosids

  family Aphloiaceae

  family Geissolomataceae

  family Ixerbaceae

  family Picramniaceae

  family Strassburgeriaceae

  family Vitaceae

  order Crossosomatales

  order Geraniales

  order Myrtales

  clade eurosids I

  family Zygophyllaceae [+ family Krameriaceae]

  family Huaceae

  order Celastrales

  order Malpighiales

  order Oxalidales

  order Fabales

  order Rosales

  order Cucurbitales

  order Fagales

  clade eurosids II

  family Tapisciaceae

  order Brassicales

  order Malvales

  order Sapindales

Note : “ + ….” = optional, as a seggregate of the preceding

Two distinct situations need to be considered: Shout out to Marpol.

• Prolonged exposure to a substance

For example if a person drinks too much alcohol on a regular basis then their health may suffer as a result. The alcohol does not have a long biological halflife but it is supplied on a regular basis to the body of the person.

• Prolonged internal exposure due to the fact that a substance remains in the body for a long time

For example if a person were to ingest radium much of it would be absorbed into the bones where it would exert a harmful effect on a person’s health. The radium might cause a disturbance in the blood cell-forming part of the bone (bone marrow)

For a list of nuclear capable countries, see the section devoted to this on the List of countries with nuclear weapons.

Explanation

In sabre and foil, the priority switches when the parry is successfully executed; the defending fencer now has right of way and may immediately attack with a riposte. The riposte may be direct, or may include compound footwork. If the riposte is delayed, the original attacker’s remise gains priority.

When one sets up a second intention attack, the reactions of one’s opponent must be predicted. A fencer may execute an attack expecting to be parried, preparing to counter-parry and counter-riposte.

In everyday language, a riposte describes a quick and witty reply to an argument or an insult. It is synonymous with a retort or report.

See Also

Touche

The single event that had the most influence on the creation of the League was Apple’s lawsuits against Microsoft about supposed copyrights violations of the look and feel of the Macintosh as copied in Microsoft Windows. After the lawsuit ended, the League went dormant to be resurrected when software patents enforcement and threats became increasingly troublesome.

The League with co-ordination of other organizations successfully blocked a software patents bill from being passed in India.

External links

• Official website
• LPF history page

The C compiler and library has been included with Portable.NET since version 0.4.4 and over time has matured enough to become a viable alternative to C# for writing Microsoft .NET applications. Although it’s not yet feature complete, it does include a minimal standard C library and POSIX threads library, making it possible to develop complex applications. The C compiler generates pure CIL bytecode (with no dependencies upon external native libraries) and the ABI adapts itself to the particulars of the runtime engine that executes the program.

External links

• Project homepage

See also

• Bundespatentgericht
• European Patent Office
• Gebrauchsmuster
• Ralf Sieckmann v Deutsches Patent und Markenamt
• German Association for the Protection of Intellectual Property (GRUR e. V.)

External links

• Official page
  
  • DPMA annual reports (German: Jahresberichte)

A Johnson bar is a hand lever with several distinct positions and a positive clutch to hold the lever in the selected position. The positive clutch is typically activated with a spring-loaded squeeze handle on the lever so that only one hand is needed to release the clutch, move the lever, then reengage the clutch.

Many steam locomotives have valvetrain controls which are set using a Johnson bar as referenced in Fred Eaglesmith’s Back There: Hey Porter, tell that engineer, tell him this train’s too slow. Tell him to let go that Johnson bar. I got places I got to go.

Many trucks and buses use a hand brake which is controlled with a Johnson bar. These are sometimes called “Johnson bar brakes”.

Truck drivers used to call lever controls on air-operated trailer brakes “Johnson bars”.

On Caterpillar Tractors the forward / reverse lever is also called a Johnson bar.

Some light general aviation aircraft use Johnson bars to actuate flaps and wheel brakes; a small number of older aircraft also have landing gear actuated by Johnson bars.

See also

• Cutoff

Notes

Other lists

Asian countries

• List of Asian countries by GDP:
  • by GDP per capita
  • by GDP PPP

Other countries by continent

• Africa
• Europe
• North America
• Oceania
• South America

Gubernatorial election results

Legislative election results

Referendum question results

In the 4 general questions, all 3 justices on the Supreme Court of the Northern Mariana Islands were retained and a Constitutional convention (The 3rd under the current constitution) will be called.

External links

• Election results from the Saipan Tribune

Platinum silicide is capable of operating at 1-5 µm wavelength range. It has a good sensitivity (up to 0.05 °C) and high stability. Its manufacturing process is relatively simple, with good yields, resulting in reasonable cost.

Platinum silicide is made by ion implantation of platinum into silicon surface, forming a Schottky diode structure. Due to silicon-based technology, large detector devices with low noise and good quality are available, and the manufacturing is relatively simple. However their quantum efficiency is abysmally low (typically under 1%), and therefore platinum silicide devices are currently used only rarely, being displaced by better materials.

Platinum silicide devices offer high uniformity of the imaging arrays, avoiding the need of on-line image corrections, and simplifying the device construction. They are in use in some thermal imaging applications, particularly for measurement, as PtSi is very stable and has low drift of parameters with time. The low cost and high stability makes it a suitable material for imaging devices for preventive maintenance and scientific IR imaging.

A well-formed platinum silicide layer is opaque to infrared light, and the barrier height of the resulting Schottky diodes should be 0.84 ± 0.3 V.

HgCdTe and indium antimonide are materials with similar uses.

External links

• http://snf.stanford.edu/Materials/ChemFiles/PtSi.html

The Board of Directors is as follows:

• Daniel Ravicher
• Eben Moglen
• Brian Kahin
• Arti K. Rai

Actions

• U.S. Congress Invites PUBPAT Executive to Testify About Patent Reform

Significant cases

• Pfizer Lipitor Patent (see Atorvastatin)
• Microsoft FAT patent (see File Allocation Table)
• Columbia Cotransformation Patent (see Richard Axel)
• Forgent Networks JPEG Related Patent (see Forgent Networks)

See also

• Intellectual property organization
• List of software patents
• Software patents and free software

External links

• Public Patent Foundation.

Biography

Plauson was the director of the Fischer-Tropsch “Otto Traun Research Laboratories” in Hamburg, Germany during the Weimar Republic of the 1920s. He built on Nikola Tesla’s idea for connecting machinery to the “wheelwork of nature”. Plauson’s 1540998 patent describe methods to convert alternating radiant static electricity into rectified continuous current pulses. He developed the Plauson’s converter, an electrostatic generator. In 1920, Plauson published a book titled “Production and Utilization of the Atmospheric Electricity” (Gr., Gewinnung und Verwertung der Atmospharischen Elektrizitat). A copy of this book is in the British Library.

It is believed that he was related to Gertrud Plauson (the exact relationship is unknown; she may be his wife).

Patents

Personal patents
American

• - H. Plauson - “Manufacture of dispersiods, colloid powder, and masses therefrom”
• - H. Plauson - “Reclaiming rubber”
• - H. Plauson - “Process of the manufacture of Alkyl Ethers of Vinyl alcohols and homologues therefore”
• - G. Plauson - “Method of carrying out electrochemical reactions and apparatus for the use therein”
• - H. Plauson - “Conversion of atmospheric electric energy”

Other

• “Use of Beta-rays and X-rays in Synthesizing Liquid Hydro-carbons From Gaseous Compounds“. GB309002, Dec. 30, 1927. Chem. Abs., vol. 24, 1930, p. 299

Company patents (Traun’s Forschungs laboratorium)

• “Process and apparatus for converting static atmospheric electrical energy into dynamic electrical energy of any suitable high periodicity” - GB157263
• “Improvements in electric motors” - GB157262
• “Process of sunthesis of liquid hydrocarbons” - GB309002

External articles

• “Power from the Air“. Science and invention (Formerly electrical experimenter), Feb. 1922, no. 10. Vol IX, Whole No. 106. New York. (nuenergy.org)
• “Power from the Air“. Science and invention (Formerly electrical experimenter), March 1922. (nuenergy.org).

Many libertarians, particularly those unaware of online politics, don’t have a strong opinion on the topic. A good number consider it a minor matter in the light of greater government violations of more basic rights, including physical property.

Some natural-law libertarians believe in a right of authors and inventors to control others’ copying of their creations. They usually believe this right should have all the conventional attributes of property, including perpetual inheritance. They differentiate between the intellectual property (e.g. a blueprint, or music) and its physical manifestation (e.g. the machine or a copy of the music), the former being used to create the latter. They believe, therefore, that an owner’s control over the use of his/her property extends to control over the use of intellectual property. Nonetheless, such a right (in their view) would exist regardless of whether government chose to enforce it.

Other natural-law libertarians believe that intellectual property is but a monopoly privilege that would not exist but for government intervention, and that it should be abolished. To them, whatever secrecy and exclusivity are to exist should be achieved out of voluntary contracts, the cost of which are to be born by those who try to achieve secrecy and exclusivity. Agorism is a form of anarcho-capitalism which holds this view, and it is also held by some other anarcho-capitalists (but by no means all).

There are also libertarians who consider patent rights to be monopoly privileges based on the fact that they bind those who may have never heard of the patent, nor the inventor. These libertarians may accept copyright since similar ends could arise from contracts between suppliers and receivers of information.

A few minarchists, including most Objectivists, accept the mainstream justifications of copyright et al. as monopolies useful to the market, regarding them as necessary acts of government to promote industrial and authorial innovation. Other libertarians consider the grant of monopoly to be beyond the pale of minarchism.

Many libertarians consider copyright and patent to be forms of inclosure — illegitimate government creation of exclusive privilege by prohibiting most individuals from accessing commons. Copyright and patents are government-granted monopolies on production, and no better than a government-granted monopoly on producing food or Internet service.

Trademark, unlike copyright and patent, can be construed as a protection against fraud and misrepresentation: it ensures that others cannot abuse a successful product’s good name to promote an inferior knockoff. Since most libertarians believe that fraud should be criminal, they agree in this regard with trademark law.

However, in many jurisdictions the concept of trademark dilution has developed to protect trademarks as a property right, securing the investment the trademark owner has made in establishing and promoting a strong mark without regard to likelihood for confusion. This has even been used to limit free speech about a product, something few libertarians would be likely to defend.

Anarcho-capitalists might differ as to the final answer, but agree that the optimal answer would emerge from a free market in justice and protection.

External links

• The Libertarian Case Against Intellectual Property

See also

• Rugby World Cup Sevens
• Rugby World Cup
• World Sevens Series

American

Numbered

• ‘, Improvements in induction coils, Daniel McFarland Cook
• ‘, Induction coil, William Stanley, Jr.
• ‘, Method of converting and distributing Electric Currents, Nikola Tesla
• ‘, System of electrical distribution, William Stanley, Jr.
• ‘, Means for distributing electrical energy, Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti
• ‘, System of electrical distribution, Nikola Tesla
• ‘, Electromagnet, F. J. Patten
• ‘, Electrical transformer Or induction device, Nikola Tesla
• ‘, Electrical transformer, Nikola Tesla
• ‘, System of electrical distribution, W. B. and L. C. Reed
• ‘, Electric spark coil, S. B. Morss
• ‘, Telephone transformer, H. Liebreich
• ‘, Electric circuit, G. A. Campbell
• ‘, Electric circuit, G. A. Campbell
• ‘, Electrical transformer, Jozef Murgaš
• ‘, Apparatus for transmitting electrical energy, Nikola Tesla
• ‘, Induction coil
• ‘, Variable magnetic opposed coil electric circuit, I. E. Aske
• ‘, Ventilating means for reactance coils, L. W. Chubb
• ‘, Means for controlling alternate currents, E. F. W. Alexanderson

Non-American

• GB186,083, Economic Transformation of the Energy of Steam by Turbines, Nikola Tesla

Innovations

• Water pipes or bongs
• Automatic loading bong
• Smoking pipe
• Smoking apparatus and methods of constructing and utilizing same
• Smoking tube with check valve
• Removable water tight base for bong
• Smoking Device

Designs

These include ornamental designs for smoking pipes, substantially as shown and described.

• Smoker’s implement
• Smoker’s implement
• Smoker’s implement
• Tobacco water pipe
• Tobacco hookah
• Tobacco hookah
• Pipe
• Pipe
• Smoking device
• Water cooled smoking device
• Smoking pipe

• edIT, an American electronic DJ and producer
• Edit (application), a simple text editor for the Apple Macintosh.
• Edit (MS-DOS), a plain-text editor for MS-DOS and Microsoft Windows
• “Edit” (song), a song by Regina Spektor from her 2006 album Begin to Hope
• A form of the female given name Edith

See also

• Editor (disambiguation)
• Editing

It ensures that computer programs are protected as literary works in its fourth article, and that the arrangement and selection of material in databases is protected in its fifth.

It provides authors of works with control over their rental and distribution in Articles 6 to 8 which they may not have under the Berne Convention alone. It also prohibits circumvention of technological measures for the protection of works as stated in Article 11 and unauthorised modification of rights management information contained in works in Article 12.

The WIPO Copyright Treaty is implemented in United States law by the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA). By Decision of 16 March 2000, the European Council approved the treaty, on behalf of the European Community. European Union Directives 91/250/EC creates copyright protection for software and 96/9/EC for database protection and European Copyright Directive 2001/29/EC prohibits devices for circumventing “technical protection measures” such as digital rights management largely cover the subject matter of the treaty.

However, the WIPO Copyright Treaty made no reference to copyright term extension beyond the existing terms of the Berne Convention, but there was a degree of association. This was because the United States Congress passed both the Digital Millennium Copyright Act and Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act, which enacts copyright term extension during the same week and used the same method using voice vote to make it less likely that the news media would report on the bills, in addition, the European Union adopted its own copyright term extension around the same time.

See also

• Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs)
• Software patents under TRIPs Agreement
• WIPO Performances and Phonograms Treaty (WPPT)

External links and references

• The text of the treaty is available at:
  • http://www.wipo.int/documents/en/diplconf/distrib/94dc.htm
• The United Kingdom implemented much of Article 11 in 1988:
  • http://www.hmso.gov.uk/acts/acts1988/Ukpga_19880048_en_21.htm#mdiv296
• The parties to the treaty are listed at:
  • http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/ShowResults.jsp?lang=en&treaty_id=16

• Gasaway, L.: Databases and The Law, Cyberspace law course, Spring 2006, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Discussion of the protection on databases. URL last accessed 2007-04-14.

</total> 371,456,229

Sources: Wikipedia (List of countries by population, List of countries by area)

External links to information by country

• http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/country_profiles/default.stm

See also

• List of countries
• List of countries by continent
• List of African countries by population density
• List of Asian countries by population density
• Area and population of European countries
• North America
• South America
• Europe
• Asia
• Africa
• Oceania
• List of the most densely populated administrative units in the world

The United States Congress, however, can change laws and thus override a decision of the United States Supreme Court.

The procedure for appealing an examiner’s decision to the board of appeals is described in section 1200 of the U.S. Manual of Patent Examining Procedure (MPEP) [1].

As of 2006, the Chief Administrative Patent Judge is Michael R. Fleming. The Vice Chief Administrative Patent Judge is Gary V. Harkcom.

See also

• Appeal procedure before the European Patent Office
• Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (TTAB)

External links

• Official page on the USPTO web site

The EPC 2000 does not introduce any major changes in substantive patent law. European Patent Office, EPC 2000 and its impact for patent searchers, Patent Information News, Issue 1, 2007, page 1. It introduces however “a considerable number of smaller amendments”.

Background

A diplomatic conference was held from from 20 to 29 November 2000 in Munich to revise the Convention on the Grant of European Patents of 5 October 1973, amongst other things to integrate in the EPC new developments in international law, especially those of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPs Agreement) and of the Patent Law Treaty, and to add a level of judicial review of the Boards of Appeal decisions.

Entry into force

Greece deposited its instrument of ratification on December 13, 2005, and was the fifteenth Contracting State to ratify or accede to the revised Convention, known as the EPC 2000.EPO web site, “Legislative Initiatives in European patent law” microsite, EPC 2000, Status of accession and ratification The EPC 2000 will thus enter into force on December 13, 2007 at the latest. Official Journal of the EPO, 2/2006, Notice from the European Patent Office dated 27 January 2006 concerning deposit of the fifteenth instrument of ratification of the EPC Revision Act

The EPC 2000 could enter into force earlier, that is “on the first day of the third month following the deposit of the instrument of ratification or accession by the Contracting State taking this step as the last of all Contracting States, if this takes place earlier”. A Contracting State that will not have ratified or acceded to the EPC 2000 at the time of its entry into force will cease to be party to the EPC as from that time.

Amendments

References

External links

• European Patent Office web site
  • Special edition of the Official Journal of the EPO, Revision of the EPC (EPC 2000), New texts relevant for patent practitioners, January, 2007.
  • Legislative Initiatives in European Patent Law
  • Diplomatic Conference to revise the European Patent Convention - EPC 2000
  • European Patent Academy, e-learning module on the EPC 2000
  • EPC 2000 Guidelines (draft)
• Gesetz zur Umsetzung der Akte von 29. November 2000 zur Revision des Übereinkommens über die Erteilung europaïscher Patente, Vom 24. August 2007, Bundesgesetzblatt Jahrgang 2007 Teil I Nr. 45, page 2166-2168.
  • See also: Ratification Act and Implementing Regulations published in the German Federal Law Gazette or Bundesgesetzblatt

• Gorges Patent, 1622
• First Kennebec Patent, 1627
• Comnock’s Patent, 1629
• Second Kennebec Patent, Kennebec Purchase or Plymouth Patent, 1629
• Lygonia Patent, 1630
  
• Waldo Patent, 1630
• Pemaquid Patent, 1631
• Black Point Grant, 1631

See also: Province of Maine

Mukhtar is also a common name. In Arab countries it is more often a surname (laqab), whilst in non-Arab Muslim countries, such as Somalia, it is common as a first name (ism).

Al-Mukhtar was an early Muslim revolutionary.

Radd al-Muhtar ala al-Dur al-Mukhtar is a book on Islam by 19th century Islamic scholar Ibn Abidin, consisting in a compilation of the great Fatwas of Imam Abu Hanifa. it is also tranliterated and popularized as Radd al-Muhtar, Dur al-Mukhtar and other variants.

See also

• epoline
• esp@cenet
• European Patent Bulletin
• Official Journal of the European Patent Office

External links

• Online European Patent Register search page
• Legal basis
  •  : Register of European Patents
  •  : Entries in the Register of European Patents

Buildings

• Dulwich Picture Gallery in London designed by Sir John Soane as the first purpose-built art gallery.
• In Nassau, the lighthouse on Hog Island is built, replacing the light at Fort Pincastle (built in 1793).

Awards

• Grand Prix de Rome, architecture: (unknown).

Births

Deaths

• The Marriage Act, 1753 which abolished common-law marriage in England and Wales

• The Marriage Act 1961, Australia’s law that governs legal marriage.

• The Marriage Act (1697), a penal law passed in 1697 discouraging interfaith marriages. All interfaith marriages would be considered legally Catholic. The married couple would have to live under the tough Catholic laws.

• The Defense of Marriage Act passed in the United States to limit Federal marriage recognition to male-female couplings and thus proscribe the possibility of Federal same-sex marriage in the United States

• The Affirmation of Marriage Act passed in Virginia

• The Civil Marriage Act passed in Canada explicitly permitting same-sex marriages.

See also

• Royal Marriages Act 1772
• Deceased Wife’s Sister’s Marriage Act 1907

Results by event

Athletics

Men’s marathon

• Richard Rodriguez
  1. Final - DNF

Women’s 100m

• Luz Marina Geerman
  1. Round 1 - 12.96 (did not advance)

Swimming

Men’s 50m Freestyle

• Davy Bisslik
  1. Heat - 25.57 (did not advance)

Women’s 50m Freestyle

• Roshendra Vrolijk
  1. Heat - 29.31 (did not advance)

References

• Wallechinsky, David (2004). The Complete Book of the Summer Olympics (Athens 2004 Edition). Toronto, Canada. ISBN 1-894963-32-6.
• International Olympic Committee (2001). The Results. Retrieved 11/12/05.
• Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (2001). Official Report of the XXVII Olympiad Volume 1: Preparing for the Games. Retrieved 11/20/05.
• Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (2001). Official Report of the XXVII Olympiad Volume 2: Celebrating the Games. Retrieved 11/20/05.
• Sydney Organising Committee for the Olympic Games (2001). The Results. Retrieved 11/20/05.
• International Olympic Committee Web Site

American

Numbered

• ‘, Improvements in induction coils, Daniel McFarland Cook
• ‘, Induction coil, William Stanley, Jr.
• ‘, Method of converting and distributing Electric Currents, Nikola Tesla
• ‘, System of electrical distribution, William Stanley, Jr.
• ‘, Means for distributing electrical energy, Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti
• ‘, System of electrical distribution, Nikola Tesla
• ‘, Electromagnet, F. J. Patten
• ‘, Electrical transformer Or induction device, Nikola Tesla
• ‘, Electrical transformer, Nikola Tesla
• ‘, System of electrical distribution, W. B. and L. C. Reed
• ‘, Electric spark coil, S. B. Morss
• ‘, Telephone transformer, H. Liebreich
• ‘, Electric circuit, G. A. Campbell
• ‘, Electric circuit, G. A. Campbell
• ‘, Electrical transformer, Jozef Murgaš
• ‘, Apparatus for transmitting electrical energy, Nikola Tesla
• ‘, Induction coil
• ‘, Variable magnetic opposed coil electric circuit, I. E. Aske
• ‘, Ventilating means for reactance coils, L. W. Chubb
• ‘, Means for controlling alternate currents, E. F. W. Alexanderson

Non-American

• GB186,083, Economic Transformation of the Energy of Steam by Turbines, Nikola Tesla

Portugal

• Angola - Manuel de Almeida e Vasconcelos, Governor of Angola (1790-1797)
• Macau - D. Vasco Luis Carneiro de Sousa e Faro, Governor of Macau (1790-1793)

Great Britain

• New South Wales - Arthur Phillip, Governor of New South Wales (1788 - 1792).

• Demographer Warren Thompson developed the demographic transition model in 1929. The model focuses on observed changes in the birth and death rates of industrialized countries. See Demographic transition.

• Warren A. Thompson, noted explorer and original citizen of Butler County, Alabama, locally known as the strongman of the original Butler County pioneer settlers.

Parliamentary copyright was created with a lifespan of 50 years, the same as that for published Crown copyright materials. The 1988 Act defines it as covering, “Where a work is made by or under the direction or control of the House of Commons or the House of Lords…”

External links

• Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
• UK Parliament website copyright statement

INPADOC was founded by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and the government of Austria under an agreement on May 2 1972. A little less than twenty years later, on January 1 1990, it was integrated into the European Patent Office. An EPO sub-office was then created in Vienna, Austria.

The INPADOC database, which is publicly accessible, provides information about patent families, i.e. corresponding patent applications, i.e., patent applications in different countries which claim the same priority and which normally disclose the same invention. It also provides information concerning the legal status of patent applications and patents in those countries which report status changes.

See also

• esp@cenet
• International Patent Classification
• Patent classification

External links

• INPADOC page on the EPO web site

Patents

• , February 14, 1880, Extension Lounge
• , February 19, 1901, Foot Rest For Chairs
• , June 26, 1928, Chair
• , July 9, 1929, Chair
• , August 13, 1943, Chair

Born Russell Games Slayter in Argos, Indiana (he dropped the first name “Russell” early in life), he married Maude Marie Foor in 1917. Graduated Argos High School in 1914 and from Western Military Academy in Alton, Illinois in 1915. He graduated from Purdue University in 1921 with a Bachelor of Science degree in chemical engineering. Presented with honorary doctorate in engineering from Purdue University in 1949. Received honorary Doctor of Science from the Ohio State University in 1963.

Joined Owens-Illinois Glass company, Toledo, Ohio, in 1931 to begin work on a commercial process for producing glass fibers. Slayter was named the vice-president, Research and Development of the newly formed Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation in 1938 and held position until retirement in December, 1963.

On September 29, 1961, the Granville Technical Center (renamed Science and Technology Center, 1992) was dedicated to Games Slayter, to honor his more than 30 years of contributions to the glass fiber industry, from its inception in the early part of the century.

Served on the Materials Advisory Board for the United States National Research Council, was consultant on industrial applications for NASA, a member of the Board of Distinguished Consultants for the Ohio Society for Professional Engineers and the Advisory Counsel of the Patent, Trade Mark, and Copyright Foundation.

Dr. Slayter was a Fellow of the Society of Glass Technology in England, The American Association for the Advancement of Science, The American Institute of Chemists, and the American Ceramics Society. Member of the American Chemical Society, American Institute of Chemical Engineers, American Institute of Physics, Franklin Institute, and Professional Engineers Society, and a registered professional engineer in the state of Ohio.

Served as Director of Park National Bank.

He was a trustee of Denison University from 1959 until his death in 1964.

Awards

Received the Quarter Century Citation award from the National Academy of Sciences.

Received the Modern Pioneer Award from the National Association of Manufacturers in 1940.

Received the Longstreth Medal of Franklin Institute.

Decorated with the [Industrial Research Institute]] Medal in 1948.

Given the Ohio Award of the American Institute of Chemistry in 1953.

Inducted, post-humously, into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in 2006.

Philanthropy

• In 1961 the student union at Denison University was named Slayter Union in recognition of his $1 million gift.
• Contributed to Newark, Ohio educational television station WGSF.
• Led fundraising for a new YMCA building in Newark, Ohio.
• In 1963, Games and Marie Slayter donated $300,000 for the Slayter Center of Performing Arts at Purdue.

Inventions & Patents

• US Patent Number 2133235: Method & Apparatus for Making Glass Wool
• US Patent Number 2230272: Method of Producing Glass Fibers
• US Patent Number 2175225: Method of Making Glass Wool
• US Patent Number RE21863: Method & Apparatus of Melting & Fining Glass
• US Patent Number 2305500: Apparatus for Electrically Generating Pressures
• US Patent Number 2109258: Sealing Apparatus
• US Patent Number 2311613: Transparent Composite Materials
• US Patent Number 2333213: Static Eliminator

External links

• Purdue Slayter Center of Performing Arts

Brigades in Mt Lofty group

• Aldgate Country Fire Service
• Burnside Country Fire Service
• Bridgewater Country Fire Service
• Bradbury Country Fire Service
• Ironbank Country Fire Service
• Mylor Country Fire Service
• Stirling Country Fire Service
• Upper Sturt Country Fire Service

See also

• Country Fire Service
• Country Fire Authority

6 February 2005

Baja California Sur

• Governor, five mayors, and 21 (15+6) local deputies
• See: 2005 Baja California Sur state election

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